vim notes

1. Movement:

• 0 or HOME or| jump to the beginning of line
• ^ or == jump to the first non-blank character of line
• $ or END jump to the end of line
• g0, g<HOME>, g^, g$, and g<END> tackle line wrap
• -/+ cursor move to first non-blank of previous/next line
• * and # search for the word under the cursor forward/backward.
• w to the next word
• W to the next space-separated word
• b / e to the begin/end of the current word. (B / E for space separated only)
• gg / G jump to the begin/end of the file.
• % jump to the matching { .. } or ( .. ) 

A nice keymap is:noremap % v%
This way, whenever you type % you jump to the matching object, and you visually select all the text in between. It's useful for indenting a C/C++ method/class: go to opening/closing brace, and type =%

• { / } jump to next blank line.
• '. jump back to the first character of last edited line.
• g; jump back to last edited position.
• gi jump back to last edited position and enter into Insert Mode.
• `. jump to the last edit position
• `` jump to the previous position you were at
• f<char> / F<char> jump to the next/previous occurring char on the current line, and ;/, to repeat forward/backward
• t<char> / T<char> jump to one position before the next/previous occurring char of the current line, and ;/, to repeat forward/backward
• Ctrl-o / Tab  jump to previous/next location
• Ctrl-g  where I am in the file
• z-Enter  top the screen on current line
• 
  
  :set scroll=10
  :set scrolljump=5
  :set scrolloff=3

Screen movement

• z-z  / z-. center the screen on the cursor
• z-t top the screen on the cursor(the line will at the top of the screen)
• z-b bottom the screen on the cursor(the line will at the bottom of the screen)

• Ctrl-y Moves screen up one line
• Ctrl-e Moves screen down one line
• Ctrl-u Moves screen up ½ page
• Ctrl-d Moves screen down ½ page
• Ctrl-b Moves screen up one page
• Ctrl-f Moves screen down one page

Movement in Visual Mode

• o/O If you've got a visual selection and want to adjust it, o/O will hop to the other end. 

Selection in Visual Mode

• 1) v select any range
• 2) V select entire line
• 3) Ctrl-v select columns
• 4) gv select previous selected block

After selecting the text, try d to delete, or y to copy, or :s/match/replace/, or :center, or !sort, or...

• 1) Select all text in (),  {}, [], <>, '', "", etc. block, vi<(>, ( could be any of those characters.
• 2) Especially, for () and {}, we can use vib and viB to select text in these blocks if our cursor is in the block.
• 3) If cursor is just on ( or ), v% will select text between and also ( and )
• 4) vap selects the entire paragraph
• 5) ggVG  selects the entire file
• 6) v {select} x/d delete selected text
• 7) v {select} X/D delete selected lines
• 2) Delete Selected Block: v<SelectedBlock> d.
• 3) Delete Selected Block and then Insert from here: v<SelectedBlock> di. A much quicker way of doing this is v<selected_block>c
• Especially, if you are going to change the text between (),  {}, [] <>, '', "", it is more straightforward to just do ci<(> , here ( can be any of the above characters. No need to select first if you are going to replace it.

sumerizaztion:

• vi(, vi[, vi{, vi", vi', viw: all these will not include
• va(, va[, va{, va", va', vaw: all these will include

2. Editing(selection, edit, delete):
1) Insert/Change-Edit

• a append after cursor
• A append at the end of line
• i insert before the cursor
• I insert before the first non-blank character of line
• gI insert at the begin of the line
• o/O open a new line below/above the current.
• C change to the end of line(same as c$)
• c^ change to the begin(first non-blank character) of line
• s change one character(same as cl)
• S change a whole line(same as cc)

• ct<char> change to char, not include char
• df<char>, dF<char>, delete include char
• dt<char>, dt<char> delete not include char
• r replace char under cursor, e.g ra will replace char under cursor to character 'a'
• R Enter insert mode, replacing characters(starting from cursor) instead of inserting
• ~ Switch case of character under cursor
• g~~ or g~g~ Switch case of whole line 
• gUU / guu Change whole line to uppercase/lowercase
• gUw / guw Change word to uppercase/lowercase
• J Join Lines without space
• gJ Join Lines with space

2) Delete

• Del or x delete character under cursor
• X delete character before cursor
• d {motion} delete text that {motion} moves over.
  e.g: dl delete current char, dh delete before char
         dt<char> delete to char
• dd delete current line
• D delete to the end of line
• dw delete word(dw,3dw,d3w,3d2w,d$,d^,df)
• diw delete word under cursor(excluding whitespace)
• daw delete word under cursor(including whitespace)
• dG / dgg delete until the end/start of file

Search and Replace:

• / search forward
• ? search backward
• :s/search/replace replace only the first occurrence
• :s/search/replace/g replace all occurrence of current line
• :%s/search/replace/g replace all occurrence of the file
• :%s/search/replace/gi replace all occurrences, case sensitive!
•  :%s/search/replace/gic replace all occurrences, case sensitive and ask confirmation!
• :5,12s/search/replace/g replace all occurrences between line 5 and 12
• :'a,'bs/search/replace/g replace all occurrences between mark a to mark b
• :'<,'>s/search/replace/g replace all occurrences within visual selection
• :.,$s/search/replace/g replace all occurrences between current line(.) and the last line($)
• :.,+2s/search/replace/g replace all occurrences between current line(.) and the next two lines
• :g/^baz/s/search/replace/g replace all occurrences starting with 'baz' in each line  

Edit File:

• :e [otherfile] edit current file if not specify otherfile
• :e! [otherfile] edit current file if not specify otherfile, discard all changes
• :r [otherfile] insert otherfile to the cursor position

Undo/Redo

• u undo one change a time
• U undo all changes of current line
• Ctrl R redo

Combining commands

Most commands accept a amount and direction, for example:

• cW = change till end of word
• ciW = change inner word within () or other brackets
• BcW = to begin of full word, change full word
• 3cW = change 3 words.
• ci" = change inner between ".."
• ci( = change text between ( .. )
• ci< = change text between < .. > (needs set matchpairs+=<:> in vimrc)
• 4dd = delete 4 lines
• 3x = delete 3 characters.
• 3s = substitute 3 characters.

Useful programmer commands

• Ctrl+A / Ctrl+X increments/decrements a number.
• . repeat last command (a simple macro)
• == fix line indent
• > indent block (in visual mode)
• < unindent block (in visual mode)

Macro recording

• Press q[ key ] to start recording.
• Then hit q to stop recording.
• The macro can be played with @[ key ].

q: It opens the "command window" and shows your most recent ex-mode (command-mode) commands. You can move as usual within the window, and pressing <CR>executes the command. You can edit, etc. too